航空用国产碳纤维/双马树脂复合材料湿热特性

针对1种航空用国产T700级碳纤维和4种双马树脂（QY9611、5429、QY9512、QY8911-4），采用3种湿热条件（100℃水煮、70℃水浸、70℃/85%相对湿度）对其复合材料单向层板进行湿热处理，通过研究吸湿量、扩散系数、显微结构、化学成分、耐热温度及力学性能，分析了复合材料的湿热特性。结果表明，4种复合材料在3种湿热条件下的吸湿行为均符合Fick第二扩散定律，100℃水煮时平衡吸湿量和扩散系数最大，70℃/85%相对湿度时两者最小。4种复合材料吸湿速度有明显区别，这与其原材料形式和成型工艺不同有关。湿热处理未导致复合材料内部产生损伤和化学变化，主要引起增塑效应，导致玻璃化转变温度降低。复合材料的90°拉伸性能测试结果表明，高温和吸湿耦合作用下复合材料力学性能衰减更为明显，破坏模式由基体开裂转变为界面脱黏和开裂。      

Weeden and Chow: Commentary from a legal perspective

The paper, ‘Space sustainability through the sustainable management of common-pool resources: a framework and potential policies’ by Brian Weeden and Tiffany Chow, researches Long-Term Sustainability issues (LTS) from the perspectives of both economics and governance, focusing on analyzing Elinor Ostrom's principles, and puts forward the main elements for a management regime. Their paper will be helpful for the international community to understand the importance of LTS, to further discussions in this field and even to shape a framework for tackling LTS. On the other hand, some of the principles raised by Ostrom still need to be clarified and deliberated throughout the international community. This commentary will analyze some of Ostrom's principles from the perspective of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (OST) and put forward the values LTS should encompass based on an analysis of its relations with provisions in the OST.     

New design simulation for a high-altitude dual-balloon system to extend lifetime and improve floating performance

This paper presents a comprehensive simulation for a high-altitude dual-balloon system which consists of zero- and super-pressure balloons. Preliminary calculations were established to describe the basic concept of the new integrated system. A mathematical model was investigated to simulate the ascending and floating processes which considered the atmospheric conditions and thermodynamic variations. Based on the simulation, results showed that the floating altitude stability between daytime and nighttime was improved. This integrated system supports higher floating altitude levels than those of ordinary balloons and extends the lifetime of floating balloon systems. Moreover, results demonstrated that the integrated system was lighter than ordinary balloons, saving useful weight for effective payload. Furthermore, exploiting the advantages of both kinds of balloons while avoiding the difficulties was a significant goal in the current design to promote the floating performance of high-altitude balloons technology.     

基于特征模型的火箭发动机伺服控制系统设计

以新型大推力火箭发动机为研究对象,提出了基于特征模型的伺服系统控制器设计方法。首先,介绍了特征建模理论并讨论了特征模型参数范围;其次,采用人工蜂群算法实时估计火箭发动机伺服系统特征模型参数,使其满足特征模型输出与实际系统输出特性等价条件;最后,使用黄金分割自适应控制律保证系统在参数估计过程中的闭环稳定性,同时引入前馈跟踪控制律,逻辑积分控制律和逻辑微分控制律使伺服控制系统快速、精确跟踪线位移指令并改善动态性能。仿真结果表明,设计的火箭发动机伺服控制系统指令跟踪精度高,动态特性良好,鲁棒性强。     

磁悬浮框架飞轮磁轴承技术研究与发展现状

对磁悬浮框架飞轮(MSGFW)和高精度磁轴承研究现状及其未来发展进行了详细阐述。根据转子悬浮力类型，将磁悬浮框架飞轮分为磁阻力构型、洛伦兹力构型和混合力构型，并结合三种构型论述了国内外框架飞轮的发展过程。在此基础上，对球面磁阻力磁轴承和洛伦兹力磁轴承进行了详细介绍，并结合磁路图分析其工作原理，比较了同类磁轴承的优劣。展望了磁悬浮框架飞轮与高精度磁轴承的未来发展方向，指出高动态响应检控共位平动球面磁阻力磁轴承，标准磁悬浮动量球和磁悬浮控制敏感球是磁悬浮框架飞轮的研究重点。     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

Selective laser melting of Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si alloy: Investigation on the resultant microstructure and hardness

This article presents the microstructure and hardness variation of an Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si(wt%, FVS0812) alloy after selective laser melting(SLM) modification. Three zones were distinguished across the melting pool of the SLM-processed FVS0812 alloy: the laser melted zone(LMZ), the melting pool border, and the heat affected zone(HAZ) in the previously deposited area around the melting pool. Inside the LMZ, either an extremely fine cellular-dendritic structure or a mixture zone of the a-Al matrix and nanoscale Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si particles appeared. With a decreased laser beam scanning speed, the cellular-dendritic structure zone within the LMZ shrank significantly while the mixture zone expanded. The a-Al and Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si mixture zone was also observed in the HAZ, but another phase, submicron h-Al_(13)Fe_4 particles with rectangular or hexagonal shapes,formed along the melting pool border. Microhardness tests indicated that the hardness of the SLM-processed FVS0812 samples far exceeded that of the as-cast FVS0812 alloy.     

复合材料副翼典型结构件的VARI工艺模拟及试验验证

在复合材料液体成型工艺过程中,通过计算机软件的模拟研究,可以预先判断树脂在增强体中的流动形式和获得树脂的注模时间以及注模压力,进而为实际成型工艺提供参考设计。本文利用PAM-RTM模拟软件对复合材料副翼典型结构件的树脂流动过程进行了模拟计算。根据达西定律推导出树脂在增强纤维中一维流动渗透率计算公式,分别对增强纤维、缝线纤维进行了渗透率测试,在此基础上对渗透率数值进行了修正。利用渗透率修正值采用不同的流道设计方案对树脂注模过程进行了模拟研究,根据模拟结果最终选择合理的注射方式和流道布局。对所选方案进行了工艺试验验证,并对结构件进行了超声无损检测。结果显示:理论充模时间和试验充模时间基本一致,结构件没有内部缺陷,树脂填充完全,模拟工艺计算有效。     

基于滑模反演控制方法的纵向制导控制一体化设计

针对高速机动目标的末端拦截问题,研究了拦截弹的制导控制一体化设计算法。首先建立了纵向通道的制导控制一体化模型,利用非线性状态变换将其转换为易于控制算法设计的标准形式,并将目标机动干扰从不确定项中分离出来。然后考虑系统的非匹配不确定性,将滑模控制与反演控制相结合,设计了拦截弹的一体化控制算法。仿真结果验证了所设计算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于机械飞轮干扰补偿的小卫星自适应滑模变结构姿态控制

针对机械飞轮内干扰可能导致小卫星姿态控制系统性能下降问题,提出了一种加入机械飞轮干扰补偿的自适应滑模变结构姿态控制方法.本文针对基于机械飞轮的三轴稳定卫星姿态控制系统,首先建立系统详细的数学模型,包括基于机械飞轮的三轴稳定卫星姿态动力学方程和机械飞轮控制系统模型,然后针对此系统设计了一种基于机械飞轮干扰补偿的自适应滑模变结构控制器,其中通过设计一种状态观测器得到机械飞轮摩擦干扰的估计值,用于对机械飞轮摩擦干扰的补偿,并通过Lyapunov定理证明了此控制律能保证系统的渐近稳定性.最后仿真结果显示,此方法缩短了飞轮转速过零时间,降低了最大的姿态扰动量且提高了卫星姿态控制的精度和稳定度.